The

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

''Mania'' comprises a group of

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and

semi-tropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north and ...

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...

moths Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...

in the family

Sematuridae Sematuridae is a family of moths in the lepidopteran order that contains two subfamilies ( Minet and Scoble, 1999). Taxonomy, systematics, and identification These are large day- or night-flying moths, usually tailed and similar to Uraniidae ...

. The genus has historically been referred to as either ''Nothus'' or ''Sematura'', but both of these names are invalid (see below).

Taxonomy

The name ''Nothus'' is preoccupied by a genus of

Coleoptera Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...

(Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus name ''Sematura'' was also commonly in use for this genus, but it was younger (being published in 1825) than Hübner's name ''Mania'' from 1821; a petition to conserve the junior name was rejected by the

ICZN The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the I ...

in Opinion 2352 (201

so Hübner's name is officially now the valid name for the genus.

Species

*'' Mania aegisthus'' (Fabricius, 1781) amaica/Surinam
"Nothus" species
**=''Mania lunigeraria'' Hübner, 1823

825 __NOTOC__ Year 825 ( DCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place India * A group of Persio-Assyrian adherents of the Church of the East, under the leade ...

**=''Sematura excavatus'' Walker, 1854 **=''Sematura phoebe'' Guenée, 1857 *'' Mania diana'' (Guenée, 1857) io de Janeiro *''

Mania empedocles Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a mental and behavioral disorder defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with ...

'' (Cramer, 1782) ype locality Surinam

**=''Mania empedoclaria'' Hübner, 1823 **=''Sematura selene'' Guenée, 185
Dyer/Gentry/''"Sematura luna"''
*'' Mania lunus'' (Linnaeus, 1758

**=''Mania caudilunaria'' Hübner, 1823

**=''Sematura actaeon'' Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874

Biology

The

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e of '' Mania lunus'' were reared in

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

in 2001 and are a bit similar to those of '' Coronidia'', being well

camouflage Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else. Examples include the leopard's spotted coat, the ...

d but bearing small projections rather than long spines one the dorsal surface. Host plants recorded were ''

Pentaclethra macroloba ''Pentaclethra macroloba'' is a large and common leguminous tree in the genus ''Pentaclethra'' native to the wet tropical areas of the northern Neotropics, which can form monoculture, monocultural stands in some seasonally flooded habitats. It ha ...

'' (

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

) and '' Syzygium longifolium'' (

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All speci ...

).''Sematura luna''
/ref>

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q23708205 Sematuridae